晋剧外译 | 《空城计》
晋剧《空城计》是国家级非物质文化遗产晋剧的传统名剧，属须生行当经典代表作。该剧改编自《三国演义》第九十五回“武侯弹琴退仲达”的著名典故，以高亢激越、沉稳大气的唱腔与细腻传神的表演著称。2022年，太原市晋剧艺术研究院入选中国戏曲像音像工程，完成了承传自丁果仙大师弟子阎慧贞老师的版本录制，是当前流传最广、影响力较大的版本之一。Jin Opera "The Empty City Stratagem" is a traditional masterpiece of Jin Opera, which is inscribed in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage list. It is a classic representative work of the "xusheng" (male lead) role type. Adapted from the famous allusion in Chapter 95 of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," it is renowned for its sonorous yet steady arias and delicate, expressive performances. In 2022, the Taiyuan Jin Opera Art Research Institute was selected for the China Opera Audio-Visual Project and completed the recording of a version inherited from Yan Huizhen, a disciple of the master Ding Guoxian, making it one of the most widely circulated and influential versions today.
剧情介绍Plot summary
剧情讲述三国时期，蜀将马谡失守街亭，魏国大将司马懿乘胜率十五万大军直逼西城。此时诸葛亮身边仅有两千五百名老弱残兵，情急之下定下空城计：传令藏起旌旗、打开城门，派士兵扮作百姓洒水扫街；自己则披鹤氅、戴纶巾，携琴童登上城楼，焚香抚琴，神态从容。司马懿兵临城下，见城内镇定，深知诸葛亮平生谨慎从不弄险，疑有伏兵，又被琴声所惑，最终下令退兵。诸葛亮以空城妙计化险为夷。
Set during the Three Kingdoms period, the plot follows the Shu general Ma Su's loss of the strategic point Jieting, after which Wei general Sima Yi leads 150,000 troops directly towards Xicheng. Zhuge Liang, with only 2,500 elderly and weak soldiers at his side, devises the Empty City Stratagem in desperation: he orders all flags hidden, the city gates opened, and soldiers disguised as commoners to sprinkle water and sweep the streets. He himself dons a crane-feather cloak and silk scarf, ascends the city tower with qin attendants, lights incense, and plays the qin with a calm demeanor. When Sima Yi arrives and witnesses the scene, knowing Zhuge Liang's lifelong caution and aversion to risk-taking, he suspects an ambush and, confused by the qin music, ultimately orders a retreat. Zhuge Liang's Empty City Stratagem turns danger into safety.
剧中角色Character
剧中核心角色诸葛亮由须生应工，是晋剧须生“唱做并重”的标杆角色，其沉稳睿智、临危不惧的形象深入人心。司马懿由花脸或须生扮演，多疑谨慎、老谋深算，与诸葛亮形成鲜明性格对比。琴童、老军、司马昭等配角烘托紧张氛围，推动剧情发展。
The core character Zhuge Liang, played by the "xusheng" role type, is a benchmark figure in Jin Opera emphasizing both singing and acting, renowned for his calm wisdom and fearlessness in crisis. Sima Yi, played by "hualian" (painted face) or "xusheng" role types, is suspicious and calculating, forming a distinct character contrast with Zhuge Liang. Supporting roles such as qin attendants, elderly soldiers, and Sima Zhao enhance the tense atmosphere and advance the plot.
艺术特色Artistic features
《空城计》中的核心唱段《我正在城楼观山景》是晋剧须生必修课，板式多变、气息绵长，极具戏剧张力。晋剧特有的“介板”“流水”等板式，将诸葛亮的从容镇定与暗藏紧张表现得淋漓尽致。表演上以做工、眼神、身段刻画内心世界，虚实结合、意境深远。晋剧大师丁果仙（艺名“果子红”）被誉为“山西梆子的须生大王”，她塑造的诸葛亮形象是难以逾越的经典，由其开创的“丁派”艺术经由阎慧贞等名家传承至今。
In the empty city stratagem, the core aria "I Gaze at the Mountain View from the City Tower" is essential for Jin Opera "xusheng" performers, featuring varied rhythmic patterns and sustained breath control, creating immense dramatic tension. Jin Opera's unique rhythmic patterns such as "jieban" and "liushui" perfectly convey Zhuge Liang's outward calm and inner tension. Performance-wise, movements, eye expressions, and postures depict inner worlds, combining reality with imagination to create profound artistic conceptions. Jin Opera master Ding Guoxian (stage name "Guozihong"), renowned as the "King of Xusheng in Shanxi Opera," created an unforgettable portrayal of Zhuge Liang. Her "Ding School" artistic legacy, an unsurpassed classic, continues through masters such as Yan Huizhen.
作为须生行当的必修剧目，《空城计》被誉为衡量演员功底的“试金石”。该剧作为第一批国家级非物质文化遗产晋剧的经典代表，在山西、陕西等地常演不衰。2022年入选中国戏曲像音像工程后，完成了高水准舞台录制；2025年10月作为文化惠民系列活动在陕西神木大礼堂上演，让这一传统瑰宝在新时代焕发生机。
As a required work for the "xusheng" role type, "The Empty City Stratagem" is regarded as a "touchstone" for assessing an actor's skills. As a classic representative of Jin Opera, part of the first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage, this opera is performed frequently and enduringly in Shanxi, Shaanxi, and beyond. After being selected for the China Opera Audio-Visual Project in 2022, high-standard stage recordings were completed. In October 2025, as part of the cultural benefit series, it was performed at the Shenmu Grand Theater in Shaanxi, revitalizing this traditional treasure in the new era.
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